Let's Encrypt Commits to Merkle Tree Certificates for Post-Quantum Web PKI
First major public CA adopts MTCs for PQ authentication per NIST/NSA timelines.
Let's Encrypt plans to deploy Merkle Tree Certificates to add post-quantum authentication to TLS without increasing handshake sizes. NIST draft guidance deprecates RSA-2048 and P-256 after 2030 (NIST IR 8547, 2024), while NSA CNSA 2.0 mandates post-quantum algorithms for national security systems by 2035 (NSA, 2022). Google and Cloudflare have set 2029 migration targets citing CRQC arrival estimates (Google Security Blog, 2025; Cloudflare Blog, 2025). MTCs batch signatures into landmarks verified separately from handshakes, avoiding the 10+ KB overhead of ML-DSA-44 signatures documented in Cloudflare research. Go 1.27's inclusion of ML-DSA signals library-level readiness (Go Release Notes, 2025). This approach addresses long-lived root CA keys targeted in quantum threat models, aligning with EU 2030 high-risk system deadlines (ENISA Roadmap, 2024).
AXIOM: MTC deployment sets de facto 2029 deadline for browser and library PQ support.
Sources (2)
- [1]Primary Source(https://letsencrypt.org/2026/06/03/pq-certs)
- [2]Related Source(https://csrc.nist.gov/publications/detail/nistir/8547/draft)