Failed Common-Envelope Mergers: A Hidden Route to Intermediate-Mass Stripped Stars That Standard Models Overlook
Preprint simulations show failed common-envelope mergers create 6–14 solar-mass stripped stars, offering a pathway missed by standard binary population models with consequences for supernovae and gravitational-wave sources.
The arXiv preprint (2605.22911) uses detailed MESA-based binary evolution simulations at solar metallicity to show that failed common-envelope events—where a post-main-sequence companion merges with a stripped primary rather than fully ejecting its envelope—can produce long-lived core-helium-burning stars with thin hydrogen layers and masses between 6 and 14 solar masses. These objects occupy an underpopulated region of the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram between classical Wolf-Rayet stars and hot subdwarfs, matching the recently observed magnetic star HD 45166. Unlike stable mass-transfer or successful common-envelope channels emphasized in population synthesis codes such as COMPAS and BPASS, this pathway naturally yields single stars or wide binaries that were once hierarchical triples, a demographic signature missed by most surveys that assume isolated binary products. The simulations reveal a blue-straggler-like rejuvenation effect, extending core-helium-burning lifetimes and thereby increasing the number of intermediate-mass stripped stars available as progenitors for both stripped-envelope supernovae and compact-object mergers. A key limitation is the restriction to Galactic metallicity and the absence of full three-dimensional hydrodynamics to confirm envelope ejection efficiency; the study is also a preprint, not yet peer-reviewed. Complementary work on the observed properties of HD 45166 (Shenar et al. 2023, Nature Astronomy) and updated common-envelope prescriptions in gravitational-wave population studies (e.g., Marchant et al. 2021, A&A) together indicate that ignoring failed mergers underestimates the diversity of Type Ib/c supernova progenitors and the formation rate of black-hole binaries detectable by LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA. This channel therefore bridges gaps in both stellar and gravitational-wave astrophysics that current models systematically omit.
HELIX: Failed common-envelope mergers likely boost the population of intermediate stripped stars, raising predicted rates of stripped supernovae and black-hole mergers beyond current model forecasts.
Sources (3)
- [1]Primary Source(https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.22911)
- [2]Related Source(https://www.nature.com/articles/s41550-023-02038-8)
- [3]Related Source(https://www.aanda.org/articles/aa/abs/2021/10/aa40992-21/aa40992-21.html)