An observational study published in The British Journal of Nutrition found that greater intake of ultra-processed foods (UPFs) is associated with reduced bone mineral density at key sites including the upper femur and lumbar spine, as well as higher hip fracture risk. Researchers analyzed data from more than 160,000 UK Biobank participants followed for over 12 years; on average participants consumed roughly 8 servings of UPFs daily. The study reported that for every additional 3.7 servings of UPFs per day (equivalent to a frozen dinner, soda, and cookie), hip fracture risk increased by 10.5%. The association was pronounced even in adults under age 65 and in those with BMI below 18.5.

This was an observational study, not an RCT, and therefore shows association rather than causation. No conflicts of interest were reported. Lead researcher Lu Qi, MD, PhD of Tulane University noted this is the first time the relationship has been examined directly in humans. Experts not involved in the work suggested possible mechanisms including lower intake of bone-supporting nutrients (calcium, vitamin D, magnesium, phosphorus), chronic inflammation, and reduced physical activity. Ultra-processed foods account for approximately 55% of total calories consumed by U.S. adults and children according to CDC data.

The findings were originally reported at https://www.healthline.com/health-news/ultra-processed-foods-may-damage-bones.