Central Asia's Multi-Alignment in AI: Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan Resist Binary US-China Choice

Central Asian states are navigating the intensifying US-China AI technology rivalry by pursuing participation in both American- and Chinese-led initiatives, underscoring a preference for pragmatic multi-alignment over exclusive alliances. The US State Department's Pax Silica initiative, launched in December 2025 as a coalition to secure AI supply chains including critical minerals, semiconductors, and trusted infrastructure, counts Kazakhstan among its signatories following the June 2026 summit. Kazakhstan simultaneously joined China's World Artificial Intelligence Cooperation Organization (WAICO), established in July 2026 and headquartered in Shanghai with a Global South focus, as one of 29 founding members.

US efforts to condition Pax Silica access on avoiding rival frameworks, as reported in a draft State Department note referenced by Reuters in mid-August 2026, have met resistance. Kazakhstan has proceeded with bilateral AI projects with China, including joint scientific platforms, talent training programs, and initiatives like DeepBas for water resource management. Uzbek officials have explicitly advocated for access to both ecosystems, with presidential aide Bobur Khodjaev stating at an August 2026 forum that the country seeks "cutting-edge" US technology alongside more affordable Chinese open-source models. Uzbekistan, a WAICO founder, has also signaled interest in joining Pax Silica.

This approach reflects broader Central Asian strategies of economic diversification and risk mitigation amid great-power competition, leveraging geography and resources for engagement with multiple partners. It highlights challenges for Washington in enforcing tech bloc alignment while allowing developing nations flexibility in adopting cost-effective solutions. Credible reporting from official US sources, regional outlets, and international media confirms ongoing cooperation on both sides without public capitulation to exclusivity demands.