The University of Liverpool-led study on a single 22-kilogram Edmontosaurus sacrum from the Hell Creek Formation employed protein sequencing, multiple mass spectrometry modalities, cross-polarized light microscopy, and hydroxyproline detection to identify endogenous collagen fragments. This peer-reviewed 2025 Analytical Chemistry paper moves beyond the 2005 Science report by Schweitzer et al. on Tyrannosaurus rex vessel-like structures, which relied primarily on microscopy and antibody assays and faced contamination critiques. The new multi-method approach on one specimen strengthens the case against modern bacterial or laboratory sources yet remains limited by sample size and the absence of replication across taxa or depositional settings. Original coverage underplays how anoxic, rapid-burial conditions in Hell Creek mudstones may inhibit hydrolysis and oxidation, a pattern also seen in younger Pleistocene mammal bones analyzed by Buckley et al. (2017) in Quaternary Science Reviews. Missed implications include the potential recalibration of ancient protein decay kinetics, which could refine molecular clocks for ornithischian-dinosaur relationships and challenge assumptions in radiocarbon-adjacent dating of Mesozoic organics. If reproducible, these traces open non-destructive proteomic pipelines for museum collections previously imaged only optically, directly linking soft-tissue preservation to phylogenetic signals previously accessible solely through morphology.