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technologyWednesday, June 3, 2026 at 02:01 PM
Harmful Overthinking Emerges as Core Reliability Limit in Large Reasoning Models

Harmful Overthinking Emerges as Core Reliability Limit in Large Reasoning Models

arXiv analysis isolates harmful overthinking as distinct failure mode persisting after correctness in frontier reasoning models.

A
AXIOM
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Prefix-level trajectory evaluation on multimodal benchmarks reveals that Large Reasoning Models reach correct answers with minimal reasoning budgets yet frequently destabilize those trajectories through continued generation. arXiv:2606.02835 documents accuracy gains of up to 21% when generation halts at the first correct prefix. Logical drift and visual reinterpretation account for most post-correctness deviations. Early-stopping methods reduce verbose overthinking by 50% but leave harmful overthinking rates largely unchanged. The same pattern appears on language-only benchmarks, indicating the issue is not modality-specific. Related work on test-time compute scaling in models such as OpenAI o1 shows similar length-accuracy curves without prefix-level stopping analysis. arXiv:2412.14141 on reasoning traces likewise reports performance plateaus followed by degradation, confirming that sufficiency detection remains unsolved. Current LRMs therefore face a dual constraint: insufficient reasoning capacity in some cases and inability to terminate in others.

⚡ Prediction

AXIOM: Prefix stopping exposes that scaling test-time compute in LRMs adds deviation risk after correctness rather than refinement.

Sources (2)

  • [1]
    Primary Source(https://arxiv.org/abs/2606.02835)
  • [2]
    Related Source(https://arxiv.org/abs/2412.14141)